B-b

bacteria. prokaryotes unicellular microorganisms, that multiply by simple division. Its shape is classified into spherical (coconuts and micrococci), in sticks (bacilli) and spirals (espirilos). Many are heterotrophic, responsible for putrefaction of organic matter and fermentations. Others are fotosintésicas or chemosynthetic autotrophic. They may be free-living, Symbiotic or pathogens responsible for diseases in humans and other living things.

Luggage. resulting organic presscake of sugarcane. It can be used as fuel and cause air pollution by smoke emission.

Bario. chemical element of the group II of the periodic table or alkaline earth, atomic number 56 and atomic mass 137.34. It is silvery white and very active, usually found combined. It is used in the manufacture of paints. symbol Ba.

Trash: Waste, and generally from urban solid type. There trash can be reused or recycled. In nature, waste not only disfigures the landscape, but also damages it; for example it can contaminate groundwater, the seas, rivers etc.

nuclear waste: whole complex of radioactive waste produced by nuclear reactors. Generalmente son guardados en tambores o "contenedores" concrete (impervious to radiation) and buried underground.

Battery. Set of connected batteries. So can rise both current and voltage obtained.

Becquerelio. Unit radioactive activity. 1 Bq is a nuclear disintegration per second. abbreviation Bq.

Benthic. In marine or freshwater ecosystems, set of organisms that live in funds, fixed or not to the substrate.

bicarbonates. anion HCO3- and salts or acid salts of carbonic acid . H2CO3 formula.

biocide. Broad spectrum chemical action, capable of destroying living organisms. Insecticides are biocides, herbicides, fungicides and pesticides in general. It produces short-term effects, as fungi, insects and unwanted plants develop resistant forms after a while.

biogas: You gas produced in the fermentation process of organic detritus. It is an alternative low-cost technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and other non-renewable energy, so it is ideal for small rural communities and low purchasing power.

Biodegradable: Substance which can be decomposed by biological processes performed by digestion action effected by aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. The biodegradability of the materials depends on their physical and chemical structure. So plastic is less biodegradable than paper and this in turn unless the detritus.

Biodiesel. Fuel obtained from biomass suitable for use for internal combustion engines Diesel type.

biodiversity. Diversity of living things in an ecosystem. Diversity species richness measured by an index that reflects the relationship between the number of individuals of each species and the total number of individuals of all species. Several diversity indices, but those based on information theory whose value can be expressed in bits tend to be preferred..

Bioenergy: It is the energy that can be used from biomass. For instance, You can compress straw and wood scraps or take advantage of the gas and excrement from the stables.

Bioindicators. Organisms whose presence, absence or distribution is associated with a particularly significant or relevant environmental factor or combination of factors. Bioindicator organisms have scientific interest in ecological research and application in environmental analysis, for example in pollution studies.

Biome: It is a large unitary community characterized by the type of plants and animals it houses.. In opposition, The term ecosystem is defined as a natural unit of living and non-living parts that interact to form a stable system in which the exchange of materials follows a circular path.. A) Yes, an ecosystem could be a small pond to a large area coextensive with a biome, but that includes not only the physical environment, but also the populations of microorganisms, plants and animals.

Biomass. Mass of organisms at any trophic level, area or volume of an ecosystem. Biomass is measured in the amount of matter per unit of surface or volume.. Biomass values ​​and their variations are very important magnitudes in ecology. Plant biomass is susceptible to industrial use for the production of energy by combustion or for the production of other substances of interest through fermentation processes..

Bioregionalism: Movement that advocates the replacement of nation-states with bioregions (this is, areas of the planet defined by common natural features) as frameworks for settlement and human activity. In these bioregions, human beings should integrate into natural processes.

Biosecurity: Maximum reduction of risks derived from the marketing of any product subjected to genetic manipulations.

Biosphere: Set of all areas of our planet (hydrosphere, lithosphere and atmosphere) where organisms live, o living beings, which present a structure with certain relationships between its components. It is considered a mosaic of ecosystems.

Biota: It is the set formed by the fauna and flora of a region.

Biotechnology. Set of techniques developed in recent years, in which advances in genetics and physiology are applied for new industrial applications, agricultural, clinics or waste treatment (production of human insulin and growth hormone by bacteria, obtaining strains or transgenic organisms with greater growth or resistance to environmental stress, etc.).

biotope. Physical substrate of the biocenosis or community of living beings of an ecosystem.

Biotransformation of energy. Use of biological processes to obtain products of energy interest, for example biogas from fermentation.

Boro. Chemical element of group III of the periodic table, atomic number 5 and atomic mass 10.81. It is found in nature combined in the form of borates. It is an essential microelement in plant nutrition. It is used in nuclear power plants for its ability to absorb slow neutrons.. Symbol B.

Bosque tropical: Also called humid jungle. The most complex biome on Earth, characterized by a great diversity of species, high precipitation during the year and warm temperatures. Rainfall can reach 100 mm in a matter of minutes. The broadleaf forest stays green all year round.

Brezal. Plant formation consisting of heather (genera Erica and Calluna), junipers, other bushes, herbaceous plants and occasionally trees. Heathlands usually develop on poor soils.